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  • De-leveraging through Fiscal Consolidation, the Case of Portugal

    This short introduction is centered on organizing thoughts at an abstract but simple level on the difficulties of reducing debt and on presenting data on debt in Portugal. Models where debt is contracted to leverage acquisition of assets have a long tradition in the history of economic thought1. J.S Mill, Alfred Marshall, Knut Wicskell, Irving Fischer, Hyman Minski, all have developed models where excessive leverage ultimately creates troubles to the real economy. (…)

  • How to Win Friends

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  • Good to Great

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  • The Lean Startup

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  • The Innovator’s Dilemma

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  • Built to Last

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  • Art of the Start

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  • External Rebalancing in the EMU, the Case of Portugal

    This paper presents the argument for a fiscal devaluation as a policy to adjust to external imbalances within the eurozone applied to the case of Portugal. From 1995 to 2010 Portugal has accumulated a negative international asset position of 110 percent of GDP. In a developed and aging economy the number is astonishing and any argument to consider it sustainable must have relied on extremely favorable growth forecasts. (…)

  • Efficiency and Equity Consequences of Decentralization in Health: An Economic Perspective

    Over the recent years, decentralization has been adopted in many health systems. The question however remains of whether local actors do better than the central government. We summarize the main insights from economic theory on the impact of decentralization and its empirical validation. (…)